Integrating data literacy into teacher education: Fostering reflection and critical thinking regarding AI

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52041/iase25.135

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of data-driven technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), underscores the need to develop data literacy skills and the ability to critically reflect on these technologies. This is especially important in teacher education, as educators play a crucial role in fostering such competencies in future generations. However, the reflective discussion is underrepresented compared to the demonstration of the performance and learners find it challenging to connect theoretical concepts to their lives. A seminar concept for prospective math teachers was developed that explicitly aimed to stimulate reflections on mathematical foundations of AI and the implications for society and the students’ own life. The material was tested twice. In the second iteration of the study, modifications were made by including concrete examples from the students’ lifeworld. An analysis of the contextual references in the students’ discussions shows that in the second round, indeed, more and more diverse context-related answers were given.

References

Barocas, S., & Selbst, A. D. (2016). Big Data’s Disparate Impact. California Law Review, 104, 671– 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2477899

Bilstrup K.-E. K., Kaspersen, M. H., Assent, I., Enni, S., & Petersen, M. G. (2022). From Demo to Design in Teaching Machine Learning. 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 2168–2178. https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3534634

Büscher, C., & Prediger, S. (2019). Students’ reflective concepts when reflecting on statistical measures – A Design Research study. Journal für Mathematikdidaktik, 40(2), 197–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-019-00142-2

Büscher, C., & Lengnink, K. (in press). Algorithmische Mündigkeit als ein Aspekt von Data Literacy – Charakterisierung von Reflexionen angehender Lehrkräfte [Algorithmic literacy as one aspect of data literacy – characterization of reflections by prospective teachers]. To appear in mathematica didactica.

Casal-Otero, L., Catala, A., Fernández-Morante, C., Taboada, M., Cebreiro, B., & Barro, S. (2023). AI literacy in K-12: a systematic literature review. International Journal of STEM Education, 10, Article 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-023-00418-7

Höper, L, & Schulte, C. (2024). Empowering Students for the Data-Driven World: A Qualitative Study of the Relevance of Learning about Data-Driven Technologies. Informatics in Education 23(3), 593–624. https://doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2024.19

Höper, L., Schulte, C., & Mühling, A. (2024). Learning an Explanatory Model of Data-Driven Technologies can Lead to Empowered Behavior: A Mixed-Methods Study in K-12 Computing Education. P. Denny, L. Porter, M. Hamilton & B. Morrison (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research 1, 326–342. https://doi.org/10.1145/3632620.3671118

Jablonka, E. (2003). Mathematical Literacy. In A.J. Bishop, M.A. Clements, C. Keitel, J. Kilpatrick & F.K.S. Leung (Eds.), Second International Handbook of Mathematics Education. (pp. 75–102) Springer International Handbooks of Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0273-8_4

Lengnink, K. (2006). Reflected acting in mathematical learning processes. Zentralblatt für Didaktik der Mathematik 38, 341–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02652794

Lengnink, K. & Eckhardt, L. (2020). Diagramme reflektieren – Lehren, Lernen, Forschen in der LernWerkstatt Mathematik der JLU Gießen [Reflecting on Diagrams – Teaching, Learning, and Research in the Mathematics Learning Workshop at JLU Gießen]. Mathematica Didactica, 43(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.18716/ojs/md/2020.1150

Lindner, A. (2025). Transformative Topics in K–12 CS Education: Characteristics, Facets, Challenges and Implications – An Exemplary Analysis of the Topic of Artificial Intelligence. [Doctoral dissertation, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg]. https://doi.org/10.25593/open- fau-2150

Lindner, A., Seegerer, S., Romeike, R. (2019). Unplugged Activities in the Context of AI. In S. Pozdniakov & V. Dagienė (Eds.), Informatics in Schools. New Ideas in School Informatics. ISSEP 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, (pp. 123–135) Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 030-33759-9_10

Prediger, S., Gravemeijer, K., & Confrey, J. (2015). Design research with a focus on learning processes: an overview on achievements and challenges. ZDM Mathematics Education, 47(6), 877–891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-015-0722-3

Skovsmose, O. (1998). Linking mathematics education and democracy: Citizenship, mathematical archaeology, mathemacy and deliberative interaction. ZDM Mathematics Education, 30(6), 195– 203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-998-0010-6

Sanusi, I. T., Oyelere, S. S., Vartiainen, H., Suhonen, J., & Tukiainen, M. (2023). A systematic review of teaching and learning machine learning in K-12 education. Education and Information Technologies, 28(5), 5967–5997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11416-7

Sweeney, L. (2013). Discrimination in online ad delivery. Queue, 11(3), 10–29. https://doi.org/10.1145/2460276.2460278

Vartiainen, H., Toivonen, T., Jormanainen, I., Kahila, J., Tedre, M., & Valtonen, T. (2021). Machine learning for middle schoolers: Learning through data-driven design. International journal of child- computer interaction, 29, Article 100281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2021.100281

Downloads

Published

2026-02-21

Conference Proceedings Volume

Section

Topic 4: (re)Defining Literacy in the Age of Data